Why, What and Where: 3W in hepatology

Evolutionary Robotics: What, Why, and Where to

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau...

Beacon Signals: What, Why, How, and Where?

نقدی بر کتاب History: What and Why?

نوشتار حاضر به نقد و بررسی کتاب تاریخ: چیستی و چرایی آن، نوشته بِوِرلی ساوث گیت اختصاص دارد. در این مقاله نشان داده ایم که این اثر نه یک کتاب اجتهادی و نوآورانه، که صرفاً یک متن درسی تألیفی است در باب یکی از مهم‌ترین پرسش­های فلسفه تاریخ، یعنی این پرسش که آیا تاریخ از عینیت برخوردار است یا نه؟ مولف به خوبی توانسته است دیدگاه متقدمان و متأخران، یعنی متفکران باستان و متفکران بعد از عصر روشنگری را تب...

IEEE Std 1149.7: What? Why? Where?

The IEEE Std 1149.7 holds the promise of great improvements for testing electronic circuits, when used along with other IEEE standards (particularly those that use the IEEE Std 1149.1 for test access and control). In this paper we describe “what” is the IEEE Std 1149.7, the reasons “why” we may consider to use it instead of IEEE Std 1149.1, and we highlight the application spectrum “where” this...

Extracellular small RNAs: what, where, why?

miRNAs (microRNAs) are a class of small RNA that regulate gene expression by binding to mRNAs and modulating the precise amount of proteins that get expressed in a cell at a given time. This form of gene regulation plays an important role in developmental systems and is critical for the proper function of numerous biological pathways. Although miRNAs exert their functions inside the cell, these...